Typography

Free Fonts
Be forewarned that all fonts are not created equal. Generally, what you download from these sites are OK, but you never know what the quality is. They may have been produced by a competent designer, but then again, maybe not. If you print your piece out or send a PDF to a printer, be sure to check the file carefully to make sure the font didn't go sour on you. Also, if you find yourself working at an agency, don't download or use any of these without permission from the art director. 

Dafont
Fontspace
FFonts
1001 Free Fonts
Font Freak
Abstract Fonts
Font Squirrel
Acid Fonts

Type Foundries (pay) 
There are many more than these. But, this is a good cross-section of what is available.

House Industries
Chank
Veer
Emigre
P22
T26
GarageFonts
Bold Monday
Fountain
My Fonts
Fonts.com
Linotype
Font Haus  
Adobe 
Walden Font Co. (historic)

Identify a Font
If you see a font, but don't know what it is, these sites are (sometimes) good at identifying the typeface.

What the Font
Identifont

Software to Create Fonts

Pay
FontLab Studio (Industry Standard)
FontCreator
TypeTool

Free
FontStruct
BitFontMaker2
Font Constructor
Type Light (PC only)


Video

Typographers
Andrew Byrom: TEDxUCLA
Typography | Off Book | PBS
Paula Scher: Great design is serious
Typographer and communication designer Erik Spiekermann 
Doyald Young, Logotype Designer (Awesome)
Font Men (Jonathan Hoefler and Tobias Frere-Jones)

Letterpress
Upside Down, Left To Right: A Letterpress Film 
Firefly Press in Somerville, Massachusetts 
Megan Boling of Brown Parcel Press 
    (Brown Parcel Press web site)

Misc.
Sony Music Timeline 
Bob Dylan Subterranean Homesick Blues
Blood Diamond
Sleeping Beauty II 
Büro Destruct creates a custom font.
Dusty Signs
Beautiful Letters
The Alphabet
Digital Alphabet in Stone
UN - by Niels Shoe Meulman
AMP ad 2011
Beautiful Typography: A Crash Course


Web Sites
Assorted group of "typophiles"

Hello Type
The Font Feed
I Love Typography
Upscale Typography
Type for You
Typography Daily
Typeverything
Kern Type (Practice your kerning)

Assorted Pages
Various font goodness.

A Visual History of Cooper Black
A Type House Divided (Article about the break up of the type foundry, H&FJ.)
Tobias Frere-Jones
Storefront Tile